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CBDC: Is the Future Cashless?

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Do you find yourself paying with a card or cash more? likely, your answer was not cash — just 19% of U.S. transactions were cash in 2021. Debit and credit cards are just one of the electronic payment forms that are rapidly taking over. Cryptocurrency is continuously rising in popularity and now the U.S. Government is dipping its toe in the pool of digital money. Advancements in technology could make cash irrelevant — but is that a good thing?

What is a Cashless Society? 

A cashless society is where physical payments are no longer used or potentially accepted. Think of your checks, dollar bills, and coins. Essentially everyone would have an electronic wallet. 

What is Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)? 

If the digital world eventually does replace physical cash, it will likely be through Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). CBDC is electronic money that is issued by the government. CBDC differs from cryptocurrency because unlike crypto, it is protected by the government. It is still being researched and developed but it has potential. If executed, it would change the way that consumers and businesses conduct transactions. Currently, central bank money is only available to the public through Federal Reserve notes. 

The Federal Reserve discussed the potential to create digital currency in a report posted January 2022. They have not made any announcements on if or when they will implement CBDC but they are exploring the idea of it. Their priority is answering if CBDC could enhance the U.S. domestic payment system or if it would be worth the risk of tampering with an already effective currency system. 

On March 9th, 2022, United States President Joe Biden signed an executive order to research cryptocurrencies. This does not mean that CBDC is on a rapid path to be utilized — it just means that the government wants to gather the positive and negative information associated with cryptocurrency since it is the most closely related to CBDC. 

What is Cryptocurrency? 

Cryptocurrency broadly defines forms of intangible digital or virtual currency. The majority of crypto uses blockchain, a distributed databaseBlockchain works as a database by collecting and holding information digitally. 

Currently, there are over 18,000 cryptocurrencies in existence. Crypto is not backed by the government and no banks are involved. This means that no central authorities can regulate the technology. If CBDC were to be implemented, investors would have a safer market to exchange in. As for now, there are risks associated with cryptocurrency in an ever-changing market. 

Cryptography 

Cryptocurrency uses cryptography, a method of encrypting data so unintended third parties cannot read the data. It is a way to secure private information. There are three types of cryptography — Symmetric-Key, Asymmetric-Key, and Hash Functions. Each of these types works to encode data and provide the intended user with the “key” to make the information readable. 

Popular  Cryptocurrencies 

The price of Cryptocurrency fluctuates in the market, but as of March 17, 2022, these are the worth of five of the most popular digital currencies: 

  • Bitcoin (BTC)  : Price of 1: $40,966.70 Market Cap: $777 billion

  • Ethereum (ETH) : Price of 1: $2,765.75 Market Cap: $331 billion 

  • Tether (USDT) : Price of 1: $1 Market Cap: $80 billion 

  • Binance Coin (BNB) : Price of 1: $384.11 Market Cap: $63 billion 

  • USD Coin (USDC): Price of 1: $0.99 Market Cap: $52 billion

Are We Moving That Way? 

The idea of a cashless society may be strange but is it that far off? From 2009 to 2019, there was a 24.5% increase in American households who use mobile banking as their primary method — a spike that continues to grow. The digital dollar is being embraced and by 2022, 65.3% of Americans are expected to use digital banking systems. 

Being cashless could lower transaction costs, provide more involvement and access to the financial system, eliminate the risk of stolen or lost cash for merchants, and be a relatively easy transition for most Americans. If CBDC is executed in the United States, it could eradicate some of the risks associated with cryptocurrency — but not all. Cybersecurity breaches, less privacy, and a higher reliance on technology are a few concerns to consider. There is a lot of debate over digital currency but it is important to be aware of its existence and the potential of the technology. 

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